Wasps vs Yellowjackets vs Hornets: Wasp Identification

While wasps, yellowjackets, and hornets might seem similar at first glance, they have distinct characteristics that set them apart

While these insects are all part of the same Hymenoptera order of insects, their nesting behavior, stings, sizes and temperaments set them apart from one another. But as is the case with other dangerous wildlife, those differences can be difficult to recognize and extreme caution should be taken whenever dealing with stinging insects. Discovering a nest in or around your house can be alarming, and your approach to the situation should focus on caution while prioritizing safety.

Yellowjackets, Paper Wasps, Hornets, Mud Daubers, Cicada Killers, Spider Wasps and Potter Wasps ARE all in the “WASP FAMILY”

Here are a few guidelines on how to identify and protect yourself from wasps, yellowjackets and hornets:

• Wear Protective Clothing: If you must approach the nest to secure the area, wear long sleeves, pants, gloves and a face covering if you have one.
• Isolate the Nest: If possible, cordon off the area around the nest with caution tape to prevent people from accidentally approaching it.
• Arm Yourself:
  • Raid Wasp & Hornet Killer – A popular aerosol spray with a long reach and quick knockdown.
  • Spectracide Wasp & Hornet Killer: Another effective aerosol spray with a fast-acting formula.
  • PT Wasp & Hornet Killer Freeze: Contains a freezing agent for rapid immobilization.
  • Tempo 1% Dust Insecticide: A dust formulation suitable for treating nests in enclosed spaces.
• Consider Your Options: While keeping your distance and waiting until nighttime (when stinging insects are less active), evaluate the size of the nest and characteristics of the insects to determine whether a wasp, hornet or yellowjacket nest.

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  Know the Key Differences: 
  • Hornets are considered the largest species of Hymenoptera order of insects. These are large, social wasps that build enclosed nests, often high up in trees. They can be quite aggressive

    • There are two main invasive hornet species causing concern in the US right now:

      • Northern Giant Hornet (Vespa mandarinia): Formerly known as the “Asian giant hornet” or “murder hornet”, this species is native to East Asia and was first detected in Washington state in 2019. It’s the largest hornet in the world, and it poses a significant threat to honeybee populations. They are known for their large size (around 2 inches long), orange and black coloration, and painful sting.

      • Yellow-legged Hornet (Vespa velutina): This species, also known as the Asian hornet, is native to Southeast Asia and was first detected in Georgia and South Carolina in 2023. It’s smaller than the Northern Giant Hornet, but it’s still a formidable predator of honeybees and other insects. It has a distinctive black body with yellow legs and a yellow band on its abdomen.

      Both of these invasive hornets are a concern for beekeepers and the environment. They can decimate honeybee colonies, which are crucial for pollination, and they may also compete with native insects for resources. Efforts are underway to track and control these invasive species to prevent their spread and minimize their impact.

  • Paper Wasps are generally smaller, thicker in their bodies and sometimes dark in color or resemble a yellowjacket in coloring. These wasps build open, umbrella-shaped nests with visible combs. They’re generally less aggressive than yellowjackets
  • Yellowjackets ARE wasps but not all wasps are yellowjackets! Yellowjackets are generally smaller and stockier than other common wasps like paper wasps. They’re known for their aggressive nature, black and yellow stripes, and ground nests. These are the ones that often crash picnics
  • Mud Daubers build nests out of mud, often on walls or under eaves. They’re not aggressive and are beneficial because they help control spider populations
  • Cicada Killers are large wasps hunt cicadas and are often seen buzzing around lawns. They’re not typically aggressive towards humans
  • Spider Wasps hunt spiders to feed their larvae. They have a distinctive way of paralyzing spiders and dragging them to their nests.
  • Potter Wasps build small, pot-shaped nests out of mud.  They’re not aggressive and are beneficial pollinators

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  What to do about a nest or swarm of insects?

  • Isolating a wasp nest is generally not recommended as a way to deal with a wasp problem. Wasps can be aggressive and sting if they feel threatened, and attempting to isolate a nest can put you at risk of being stung. The best way to deal with a wasp nest is to contact a professional pest control company. They have the training and equipment to safely remove the nest.

    However, if you’re in a situation where you absolutely must isolate a wasp nest temporarily, here are some things you can do:

    1. Identify the nest’s location:

    • Observe wasp flight paths: Watch where wasps are coming and going to pinpoint the nest’s location.
    • Look for nests in common areas: Wasps often build nests under eaves, in attics, sheds, or in trees.

    2. Create a barrier:

    • Use caution tape or netting: If the nest is in an open area, cordon off the area with caution tape or netting to prevent people from accidentally approaching it.
    • Seal entry points: If the nest is in a structure like a shed or attic, seal any openings or cracks that wasps may be using to enter and exit. Use caulk or weatherstripping to seal these gaps.

    3. Avoid disturbing the nest:

    • Keep a safe distance: Do not approach the nest or make any sudden movements near it.
    • Avoid vibrations: Vibrations from lawnmowers or other equipment can agitate wasps.

    4. Monitor the nest:

    • Observe wasp activity: Keep an eye on the nest from a safe distance to see if the wasps are becoming more aggressive or if the nest is growing larger.
    • Contact a professional: If you have any concerns about the nest or if it poses a significant risk, contact a professional pest control company for assistance.

    Remember:

    • Never attempt to burn a wasp nest: This is extremely dangerous and can cause a fire hazard.
    • Do not try to seal the nest entrance completely: This can trap wasps inside and make them more aggressive.
    • If you are allergic to wasp stings, do not attempt to isolate the nest yourself. Seek professional help immediately.

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Don’t take chances with stinging insects: Call for help. If the nest is active and difficult to safely remove, contact a professional for assistance. Through inspection, customized treatment, environmentally-friendly solutions, long-term prevention and regular follow-ups, any reputable wildlife removal company with the experience and equipment can safely remove wasps, yellowjackets and hornets while taking steps to prevent more nests in the future.